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--- notes:lpic-1_notes [2026/11/01 21:33]
187.73.25.207 old revision restored (2026/08/04 07:55)
+++ notes:lpic-1_notes [2026/11/04 07:21] (current)
76.37.246.43 old revision restored (2026/06/12 01:49)
@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
   * Runlevels - 0=shutdown, 1/s/S=single-user_maintenance, 2=multi-user, 3=multi-user_no-X, 5=multi-user_with-X 6=reboot
   * On Debian, 2 is default and 3,5 are not used. On Redhat, 3 is the default.
-  * /etc/rc script to change runlevels on redhat (also init/telinit script)
-  * /etc/rc.sysinit (Redhat) or /etc/init.d/rcS (Debian) - system init script launched by init before system daemons
-  * /etc/rc.local- local startup actions called at end of startup
-  * /etc/init.d contains startup/shutdown scripts for all system services
-  * /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d contain softlinks KNNservice or SNNservice specifying whether to start or stop services and in what order for that runlevel (done by init process). Kills done before starts.
-  * /etc/inittab contains "id:N:initdefault:" for default runlevel N
-  * //runlevel// shows current and previous runlevel
-  * //shutdown [options] time [warning message]//  - -f=fastboot -h=halt -r=reboot -F=force-startup-checks -k=just-send-warning . Time is "now" or "+N" in N minutes or absolute time e.g. 23:58.
 ==== 102 Installation and Package Management 18% ====
@@ Line 92: / Line 85: @@
   * Knowledge of basic features of LVM
   * Terms: / (root) filesystem, /var filesystem, /home filesystem, swap space, mount points, partitions
-==Notes==
-  * choosing a disk layout for linux depends on amount of disk space, purpose of the system, size of the system and backup strategy. Some general guidelines are
-    * If diskspace is limited, just /boot, / and /swap
-    * /boot is a separate 50MB partition because older kernels/BIOS require kernels under a 1024 cylinder limit.
-    * For larger systems keep / smaller/simpler to reduce risk of corruption.
-    * Can use separate partitions for /var (to isolate system logs), /tmp (to isolate tempfiles), /home (for backup and RAIDing of user's data)
-    * Using a separate partition for /usr allows it to be shared via read-only NFS which allows for saving space and easier maintenance of apps/updates.
-  * Superblock on filesystem contains critical metadata so multiple redundant copies are kept.
-  * Filesystems must be mounted (listed in filesystem table) before being accessible. /etc/fstab is a list of filesystems to mount on boot up.
-  * Master Boot Record on first 512 bytes of first sector of disk contains info on partitions and bootup. Can be backed up and restored with <code>
-dd if=/dev/hda of=~/mbr.txt count=1 bs=512
-dd if=~/mbr.txt of=/dev/hda count=1 bs=512
-</code>
-  * To backup/restore just the partition layout, use sfdisk <code>
-sfdisk -d /dev/hda > partition_backup.txt
-sfdisk /dev/hda < partition_backup.txt
-</code>
-  * Linux may also be booted from Live USB which allows for persistent modifications. If the BIOS does nto support this, a bootable CD can be used first.
-  * Swap space allows main memory to be temporarily copied to disk. As a starting point set swap to twice the memory size (at least the same size).
 === 102.2 Install a boot manager (LCN-5 CTL-5) ===
@@ Line 120: / Line 92: @@
   * Interact with the boot loader
   * Terms: /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and other variations, grub-install, MBR, superblock
-==Notes==
-  * BIOS looks for and runs boot loader from first specified boot device.
-  * Boot loader find and loads specified kernel (with specified kernel options) which loads required modules and starts system processes.
-  * LILO is a 2-stage program, first stage is in 512-byte MBR or in the boot sector of a partition (if it is a secondary boot loader). Second stage is in /boot/boot.b
-  * //lilo// command reads /etc/lilo.conf which contains kernel image locations, kernel options, the default boot disk etc. It encodes this information along with physical disk information and writes it into the boot files (MBR/boot-sector and /boot/boot.b).
-  *
 === 102.3 Manage shared libraries (LCN-5 CTL-2) ===
@@ Line 147: / Line 110: @@
   * Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from
   * Terms: rpm, rpm2cpio, /etc/yum.conf, /etc/yum.repos.d/, yum, yumdownloader
 ==== 103 GNU / Unix Commands 43%   ====

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