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notes:lpic-1_notes [2026/06/06 14:05]
129.226.156.6 old revision restored (2026/05/29 22:33) 		notes:lpic-1_notes [2026/06/07 17:30] (current)
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 ==== 101 System Architecture 14% ==== ==== 101 System Architecture 14% ====
  
-===  101.1 Determine and Configure hardware settings (LCN-3 CTL-3) ===+===  101.1 Determine and Configure hardware settings (LCN-1 CTL-3) ===
   * Enable and disable integrated peripherals   * Enable and disable integrated peripherals
   * Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards   * Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards
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   * Terms: /sys, /proc, /dev, modprobe, lsmod, lspci, lsusb   * Terms: /sys, /proc, /dev, modprobe, lsmod, lspci, lsusb
  
-== Notes == +===  101.2 Boot the System (LCN-2 CTL-5) ===
- +
-  * BIOS - Basic I/O System - systim init, memory testing, low-level system-config, OS boot order (CD, floppy, HD, PXE), internal HW clock +
-  * /proc fs is kernel's status repository: interrupts, dma, ioports +
-  * Universal Serial Bus (USB) +
-    * //lsusb [-t] [-vv] // - t-tree view, vv-very verbose +
-    * Open Host Controller Interface (OHCI) - USB 1.1 +
-    * Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI) - USB 1.1 - 12 MBps - low+full speed +
-    * Enhanced Host Controller Interface (EHCI) - USB 2.0 - 480 MBps - high speed +
-    * Extensible Host Controller Interface (XHCI) - USB 3.0 - 4 GBps - super speed +
-    * Wireless Host Controller Interface (WHCI) - Wireless USB 1.0 - 480 MBps +
-    * Effective speed is lowest speed of device, cable and hub +
-    * Classes of USB devices : +
-      * Human Interface Device (HID) - Input devices: mice, keyboards, etc.) +
-      * Communications device - Modems +
-      * Mass storage device - Disk devices, flash readers, etc. +
-      * Audio - Sound devices +
-      * IrDA - Infrared devices +
-      * Printer - Printers and USB-to-parallel cables +
-    * Linux kernel supported USB in v2.3.x, backported to 2.2.18 +
-    * Linux drivers may be host controller drivers (e.g. usb-ohci.o), class drivers (e.g. hid.o, usb-storage.o, printer.o, audio.o) or device-specific drivers +
-    * usbcore.o -> host controller driver -> class/device driver +
-    * Modularized USB drivers are loaded by the generic /sbin/hotplug kernel support +
-  * //lsdev// - shows hardware including IRQ info, I/O ports and DMA channels +
-  *  //lspci [-t] [-vv]// - info about system’s PCI buses and installed PCI devices +
-  * A module is dynamically linked into the running kernel when it is loaded +
-    * //insmod/rmmod// - insert/remove mocule, no dependency checking +
-    * //modprobe [-r] [-a] [-t type]// - list, insert or remove modules. Does dependency checking. +
-    * //lsmod// - list modules //modinfo module-object-file.o// - info about a module file +
-  * sysfs is a RAM-based filesystem derived from ramfs. It provides a means to export kernel data structures to  user space. // mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys// +
-  * The udev process uses sysfs info to create dynamic device files as kernel modules are loaded. /etc/udev.d holds rules to be applied when adding or removing a device. +
-  * D-Bus is an IPC system that uses sysfs to implement a message bus daemon used for broadcasting system events e.g.“new device added” or “printer queue changed”. +
-  * hal was a hw abstraction layer (hw access API) on top of udev using D-Bus. It has been deprecated and rolled into udev and the kernel. +
- +
-===  101.2 Boot the System (LCN-4 CTL-5) ===+
   * Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time   * Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time
   * Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion   * Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion
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   * Terms: /var/log/messages, dmesg, BIOS, bootloader, kernel, init   * Terms: /var/log/messages, dmesg, BIOS, bootloader, kernel, init
  
-== Notes == +=== 101.3 Change runlevels and shutdown or reboot system (LCN-2 CTL-5) ===
-  * Boot Loader (LILO or GRUB) launches the linux kernel, passing kernel parameters if needed (/etc/lilo.conf | /boot/grub/menu.lst | /boot/grub/grub.conf) +
-  * Module options (as well as aliases and post-install and pre-remove actions) are stored in /etc/modules.conf . +
-  * //dmesg// displays kernel messages logged at last system boot. +
-  * // /var/log/messages // contains all syslog messages. +
- +
-=== 101.3 Change runlevels and shutdown or reboot system (LCN-4 CTL-5) ===+
   * Set the default run level   * Set the default run level
   * Change between run levels including single user mode   * Change between run levels including single user mode
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   * Terms: /etc/inittab, shutdown, init, /etc/init.d, telinit   * Terms: /etc/inittab, shutdown, init, /etc/init.d, telinit
  
-== Notes == 
-  * When linux boots, first process is the //init// process which selects and switches to default runlevel. 
-  * Runlevels - 0=shutdown, 1/s/S=single-user_maintenance, 2=multi-user, 3=multi-user_no-X, 5=multi-user_with-X 6=reboot 
-  * On Debian, 2 is default and 3,5 are not used. On Redhat, 3 is the default. 
-  * /etc/rc script to change runlevels on redhat (also init/telinit script) 
-  * /etc/rc.sysinit (Redhat) or /etc/init.d/rcS (Debian) - system init script launched by init before system daemons 
-  * /etc/rc.local- local startup actions called at end of startup 
-  * /etc/init.d contains startup/shutdown scripts for all system services 
-  * /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d contain softlinks KNNservice or SNNservice specifying whether to start or stop services and in what order for that runlevel (done by init process). Kills done before starts. 
-  * /etc/inittab contains "id:N:initdefault:" for default runlevel N 
-  * //runlevel// shows current and previous runlevel 
-  * //shutdown [options] time [warning message]//  - -f=fastboot -h=halt -r=reboot -F=force-startup-checks -k=just-send-warning . Time is "now" or "+N" in N minutes or absolute time e.g. 23:58. 
 ==== 102 Installation and Package Management 18% ==== ==== 102 Installation and Package Management 18% ====
  
-=== 102.1 Design hard disk layout (LCN-5 CTL-3) ===+=== 102.1 Design hard disk layout (Chapter 3) ===
   * Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks   * Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks
   * Tailor the design to the intended use of the system   * Tailor the design to the intended use of the system
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   * Terms: / (root) filesystem, /var filesystem, /home filesystem, swap space, mount points, partitions   * Terms: / (root) filesystem, /var filesystem, /home filesystem, swap space, mount points, partitions
  
-==Notes== +=== 102.2 Install a boot manager (Chapter 5) ===
- +
-  * choosing a disk layout for linux depends on amount of disk space, purpose of the system, size of the system and backup strategy. Some general guidelines are +
-    * If diskspace is limited, just /boot, / and /swap +
-    * /boot is a separate 50MB partition because older kernels/BIOS require kernels under a 1024 cylinder limit. +
-    * For larger systems keep / smaller/simpler to reduce risk of corruption. +
-    * Can use separate partitions for /var (to isolate system logs), /tmp (to isolate tempfiles), /home (for backup and RAIDing of user's data) +
-    * Using a separate partition for /usr allows it to be shared via read-only NFS which allows for saving space and easier maintenance of apps/updates. +
-  * Superblock on filesystem contains critical metadata so multiple redundant copies are kept. +
-  * Filesystems must be mounted (listed in filesystem table) before being accessible. /etc/fstab is a list of filesystems to mount on boot up. +
-  * Master Boot Record on first 512 bytes of first sector of disk contains info on partitions and bootup. Can be backed up and restored with <code> +
-dd if=/dev/hda of=~/mbr.txt count=1 bs=512 +
-dd if=~/mbr.txt of=/dev/hda count=1 bs=512 +
-</code> +
-  * To backup/restore just the partition layout, use sfdisk <code> +
-sfdisk -d /dev/hda > partition_backup.txt +
-sfdisk /dev/hda < partition_backup.txt +
-</code> +
-  * Linux may also be booted from Live USB which allows for persistent modifications. If the BIOS does nto support this, a bootable CD can be used first. +
-  * Swap space allows main memory to be temporarily copied to disk. As a starting point set swap to twice the memory size (at least the same size). +
- +
-=== 102.2 Install a boot manager (LCN-5 CTL-5) ===+
   * Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options   * Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options
   * Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy   * Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy
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   * Terms: /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and other variations, grub-install, MBR, superblock   * Terms: /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and other variations, grub-install, MBR, superblock
  
-==Notes== +=== 102.3 Manage shared libraries (Chapter 2) ===
- +
-  * Bootloader (LInux LOader or GRUB passes kernel parameters as specified in config file to Linux kernel. +
-  * Can also interrupt boot to pass overriding kernel parameters e.g. root=/dev/hda2 +
-  * LILO uses /etc/lilo.conf. GRUB uses /boot/grub/menu.lst or /boot/grub/grub.conf +
- +
- +
-=== 102.3 Manage shared libraries (LCN-5 CTL-2) ===+
   * Identify shared libraries   * Identify shared libraries
   * Identify the typical locations of system libraries   * Identify the typical locations of system libraries
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   * Terms: ldd, ldconfig, /etc/ld.so.conf, LD_LIBRARY_PATH   * Terms: ldd, ldconfig, /etc/ld.so.conf, LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  
-=== 102.4 Use Debian package management (LCN-5 CTL-2) ===+=== 102.4 Use Debian package management (Chapter 2) ===
   * Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages   * Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages
   * Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed   * Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed
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   * Terms: /etc/apt/sources.list, dpkg, dpkg-reconfigure, apt-get, apt-cache, aptitude   * Terms: /etc/apt/sources.list, dpkg, dpkg-reconfigure, apt-get, apt-cache, aptitude
  
-=== 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management (LCN-5 CTL-2) ===+=== 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management (Chapter 2) ===
   * Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM   * Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM
   * Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures   * Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures
   * Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from   * Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from
   * Terms: rpm, rpm2cpio, /etc/yum.conf, /etc/yum.repos.d/, yum, yumdownloader   * Terms: rpm, rpm2cpio, /etc/yum.conf, /etc/yum.repos.d/, yum, yumdownloader
-==== 103 GNU / Unix Commands 43%   ==== 
  
-=== 103.1 Work on the command line (LCN-6 CTL-1) ===+==== 103 GNU / Unix Commands 43%   ==== 
 + 
 +=== 103.1 Work on the command line (Chapter 1) ===
   * Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line   * Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line
   * Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables   * Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables
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   * Terms: ., bash, echo, env, exec, export, pwd, set, unset, man, uname, history   * Terms: ., bash, echo, env, exec, export, pwd, set, unset, man, uname, history
  
-=== 103.2 Process text streams using filters (LCN-6 CTL-1) ===+=== 103.2 Process text streams using filters (Chapter 1) ===
   * Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output   * Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output
   * Using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package   * Using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package
   * Terms: cat, cut, expand, fmt, head, od, join, nl, paste, pr, sed, sort, split, tail, tr, unexpand, uniq, wc   * Terms: cat, cut, expand, fmt, head, od, join, nl, paste, pr, sed, sort, split, tail, tr, unexpand, uniq, wc
  
-=== 103.3 Perform basic file management (LCN-6 CTL-4) ===+=== 103.3 Perform basic file management (Chapter 4) ===
   * Copy, move and remove files and directories individually   * Copy, move and remove files and directories individually
   * Copy multiple files and directories recursively   * Copy multiple files and directories recursively
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   * Terms: cp, find, mkdir, mv, ls, rm, rmdir, touch, tar, cpio, dd, file, gzip, gunzip, bzip2, file globbing   * Terms: cp, find, mkdir, mv, ls, rm, rmdir, touch, tar, cpio, dd, file, gzip, gunzip, bzip2, file globbing
  
-=== 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects (LCN-6 CTL-1) ===+=== 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects (Chapter 1) ===
   * Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error   * Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error
   * Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command   * Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command
Line 175: Line 96:
   * Terms: tee, xargs   * Terms: tee, xargs
  
-=== 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes (LCN-6 CTL-2) ===+=== 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes (Chapter 2) ===
   * Run jobs in the foreground and background   * Run jobs in the foreground and background
   * Signal a program to continue running after logout   * Signal a program to continue running after logout
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   * Terms: &, bg, fg, jobs, kill, nohup, ps, top, free, uptime, killall   * Terms: &, bg, fg, jobs, kill, nohup, ps, top, free, uptime, killall
  
-=== 103.6 Modify process execution priorities (LCN-6 CTL-2) ===+=== 103.6 Modify process execution priorities (Chapter 2) ===
   * Know the default priority of a job that is created   * Know the default priority of a job that is created
   * Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default   * Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default
Line 189: Line 110:
   * Terms: nice, ps, renice, top   * Terms: nice, ps, renice, top
  
-=== 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions (LCN-6 CTL-1) ===+=== 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions (Chapter 1) ===
   * Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements   * Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements
   * Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content   * Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content
   * The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: grep, egrep, fgrep, sed, regex(7)   * The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: grep, egrep, fgrep, sed, regex(7)
  
-=== 103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi (LCN-6 CTL-5) ===+=== 103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi (Chapter 5) ===
   * Navigate a document using vi   * Navigate a document using vi
   * Use basic vi modes   * Use basic vi modes
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 ====  104 Devices, Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy 25% ==== ====  104 Devices, Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy 25% ====
  
-=== 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems (LCN-7 CTL-3) ===+=== 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems (Chapter 3) ===
   * Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as: ext2, ext3, xfs, reiserfs v3, vfat   * Use various mkfs commands to set up partitions and create various filesystems such as: ext2, ext3, xfs, reiserfs v3, vfat
   * Terms: fdisk, mkfs, mkswap   * Terms: fdisk, mkfs, mkswap
  
-=== 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems (LCN-7 CTL-3) ===+=== 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems (Chapter 3) ===
   * Verify the integrity of filesystems   * Verify the integrity of filesystems
   * Monitor free space and inodes   * Monitor free space and inodes
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   * Terms: du, df, fsck, e2fsck, mke2fs, debugfs, dumpe2fs, tune2fs, xfs tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)   * Terms: du, df, fsck, e2fsck, mke2fs, debugfs, dumpe2fs, tune2fs, xfs tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)
  
-=== 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems (LCN-7 CTL-3) ===+=== 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems (Chapter 3) ===
   * Manually mount and unmount filesystems   * Manually mount and unmount filesystems
   * Configure filesystem mounting on bootup   * Configure filesystem mounting on bootup
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   * Terms: /etc/fstab, /media, mount, umount   * Terms: /etc/fstab, /media, mount, umount
  
-=== 104.4 Manage disk quotas (LCN-7 CTL-4) ===+=== 104.4 Manage disk quotas (Chapter 4) ===
   * Set up a disk quota for a filesystem   * Set up a disk quota for a filesystem
   * Edit, check and generate user quota reports   * Edit, check and generate user quota reports
   * Terms: quota, edquota, repquota, quotation   * Terms: quota, edquota, repquota, quotation
  
-=== 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership (LCN-7 CTL-4) ===+=== 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership (Chapter 4) ===
   * Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories   * Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories
   * Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security   * Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security
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   * Terms: chmod, umask, chown, chgrp   * Terms: chmod, umask, chown, chgrp
  
-=== 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links (LCN-7 CTL-4) ===+=== 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links (Chapter 4) ===
   * Create links   * Create links
   * Identify hard and/or soft links   * Identify hard and/or soft links
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   * Terms: ln   * Terms: ln
  
-=== 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location (LCN-7 CTL-4) ===+=== 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location (Chapter 4) ===
   * Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS   * Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS
   * Find files and commands on a Linux system   * Find files and commands on a Linux system
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 ==== 105 Shells, Scripting and Data Management 17%  ==== ==== 105 Shells, Scripting and Data Management 17%  ====
  
-=== 105.1 Customize and use the shell environment (LCN-13 CTL-9) ===+=== 105.1 Customize and use the shell environment (Chapter 9) ===
   * Set environment variables (e.g., PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell   * Set environment variables (e.g., PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell
   * Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands   * Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands
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   * Terms: /etc/profile, env, export, set, unset, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, ~/.profile, ~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_logout, function, alias, lists   * Terms: /etc/profile, env, export, set, unset, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, ~/.profile, ~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_logout, function, alias, lists
  
-=== 105.2 Customize or write simple scripts (LCN-13 CTL-9) ===+=== 105.2 Customize or write simple scripts (Chapter 9) ===
   * Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests)   * Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests)
   * Use command substitution   * Use command substitution
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   * Terms: for, while, test, if, read, seq   * Terms: for, while, test, if, read, seq
  
-=== 105.3 SQL data management (LCN-13 CTL-9) ===+=== 105.3 SQL data management (Chapter 9) ===
   * Use of basic SQL commands   * Use of basic SQL commands
   * Perform basic data manipulation   * Perform basic data manipulation
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 ==== 106 User Interfaces and Desktops 8% ==== ==== 106 User Interfaces and Desktops 8% ====
  
-=== 106.1 Install and configure X11 (LCN-14 CTL-6) ===+=== 106.1 Install and configure X11 (Chapter 6) ===
   * Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server   * Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server
   * Awareness of the X font server   * Awareness of the X font server
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   * Terms: /etc/X11/xorg.conf, xhost, DISPLAY, xwininfo, xdpyinfo, X   * Terms: /etc/X11/xorg.conf, xhost, DISPLAY, xwininfo, xdpyinfo, X
  
-=== 106.2 Setup a display manager (LCN-14 CTL-6) ===+=== 106.2 Setup a display manager (Chapter 6) ===
   * Turn the display manager on or off   * Turn the display manager on or off
   * Change the display manager greeting   * Change the display manager greeting
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   * Terms: /etc/inittab; plus xdm, kdm, and gdm configuration files   * Terms: /etc/inittab; plus xdm, kdm, and gdm configuration files
  
-=== 106.3 Accessibility (LCN-14 CTL-6) ===+=== 106.3 Accessibility (Chapter 6) ===
   * Keyboard Accessibility Settings (AccessX)   * Keyboard Accessibility Settings (AccessX)
   * Visual Settings and Themes   * Visual Settings and Themes
   * Assistive Technology (ATs)   * Assistive Technology (ATs)
   * Terms: Sticky/Repeat Keys, Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys, Mouse Keys, High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes, Screen Reader, Braille Display, Screen Magnifier, On-Screen Keyboard, Gestures (used at login, for example gdm), Orca, GOK, emacspeak   * Terms: Sticky/Repeat Keys, Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys, Mouse Keys, High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes, Screen Reader, Braille Display, Screen Magnifier, On-Screen Keyboard, Gestures (used at login, for example gdm), Orca, GOK, emacspeak
- 
 ==== 107 Administrative Tasks 20% ==== ==== 107 Administrative Tasks 20% ====
  
-=== 107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files (LCN-15 CTL-7) ===+=== 107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files (Chapter 7) ===
   * Add, modify and remove users and groups   * Add, modify and remove users and groups
   * Manage user/group info in password/group databases   * Manage user/group info in password/group databases
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   * Terms: /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel, chage, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, passwd, useradd, userdel, usermod   * Terms: /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel, chage, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, passwd, useradd, userdel, usermod
  
-=== 107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs (LCN-15 CTL-9) ===+=== 107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs (Chapter 9) ===
   * Manage cron and at jobs   * Manage cron and at jobs
   * Configure user access to cron and at services   * Configure user access to cron and at services
   * Terms: /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}, /etc/at.deny, /etc/at.allow, /etc/crontab, /etc/cron.allow, /etc/cron.deny, /var/spool/cron/*, crontab, at, atq, atrm   * Terms: /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}, /etc/at.deny, /etc/at.allow, /etc/crontab, /etc/cron.allow, /etc/cron.deny, /var/spool/cron/*, crontab, at, atq, atrm
  
-=== 107.3 Localization and internationalization (LCN-15 CTL-6) ===+=== 107.3 Localization and internationalization (Chapter 6) ===
   * Locale settings   * Locale settings
   * Timezone settings   * Timezone settings
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 ==== 108 Essential System Services 17% ==== ==== 108 Essential System Services 17% ====
  
-=== 108.1 Maintain system time (LCN-16 CTL-7) ===+=== 108.1 Maintain system time (Chapter 7) ===
   * Set the system date and time   * Set the system date and time
   * Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC   * Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC
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   * Terms: /usr/share/zoneinfo, /etc/timezone, /etc/localtime, /etc/ntp.conf, date, hwclock, ntpd, ntpdate, pool.ntp.org   * Terms: /usr/share/zoneinfo, /etc/timezone, /etc/localtime, /etc/ntp.conf, date, hwclock, ntpd, ntpdate, pool.ntp.org
  
-=== 108.2 System logging (LCN-16 CTL-7) ===+=== 108.2 System logging (Chapter 7) ===
   * Syslog configuration files   * Syslog configuration files
   * syslog standard facilities, priorities and actions   * syslog standard facilities, priorities and actions
   * Terms: syslog.conf, syslogd, klogd, logger   * Terms: syslog.conf, syslogd, klogd, logger
  
-=== 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics (LCN-17 CTL-9) ===+=== 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics (Chapter 9) ===
   * Create e-mail aliases   * Create e-mail aliases
   * Configure e-mail forwarding   * Configure e-mail forwarding
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   * Terms: ~/.forward, sendmail emulation layer commands, newaliases, mail, mailq, postfix, sendmail, exim, qmail   * Terms: ~/.forward, sendmail emulation layer commands, newaliases, mail, mailq, postfix, sendmail, exim, qmail
  
-=== 108.4 Manage printers and printing (LCN-18 CTL-6) ===+=== 108.4 Manage printers and printing (Chapter 6) ===
   * Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers)   * Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers)
   * Manage user print queues   * Manage user print queues
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 ==== 109 Networking Fundamentals 23% ==== ==== 109 Networking Fundamentals 23% ====
  
-=== 109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols (LCN-19 CTL-8) ===+=== 109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols (Chapter 8) ===
   * Demonstrate an understanding network masks   * Demonstrate an understanding network masks
   * Knowledge of the differences between private and public “dotted quad” IP-Addresses   * Knowledge of the differences between private and public “dotted quad” IP-Addresses
Line 347: Line 267:
   * Terms: /etc/services, ftp, telnet, host, ping, dig, traceroute, tracepath   * Terms: /etc/services, ftp, telnet, host, ping, dig, traceroute, tracepath
  
-=== 109.2 Basic network configuration (LCN-20 CTL-8) ===+=== 109.2 Basic network configuration (Chapter 8) ===
   * Manually and automatically configure network interfaces   * Manually and automatically configure network interfaces
   * Basic TCP/IP host configuration   * Basic TCP/IP host configuration
   * Terms: /etc/hostname, /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf, ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, route, ping   * Terms: /etc/hostname, /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf, ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, route, ping
  
-=== 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting (LCN-21 CTL-8) ===+=== 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting (Chapter 8) ===
   * Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables   * Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables
   * Including adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces   * Including adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces
Line 359: Line 279:
   * Terms: ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, route, host, hostname, dig, netstat, ping, traceroute   * Terms: ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, route, host, hostname, dig, netstat, ping, traceroute
  
-=== 109.4 Configure client side DNS (LCN-20 CTL-8) ===+=== 109.4 Configure client side DNS (Chapter 8) ===
   * Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system   * Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system
   * Modify the order in which name resolution is done   * Modify the order in which name resolution is done
Line 366: Line 286:
 ==== 110 Security 15% ==== ==== 110 Security 15% ====
  
-=== 110.1 Perform security administration tasks (LCN-22 CTL-10) === 
-  * Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set 
-  * Set or change user passwords and password aging information 
-  * Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system 
-  * Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage 
-  * Basic sudo configuration and usage 
-  * Terms: find, passwd, lsof, nmap, chage, netstat, sudo, /etc/sudoers, su, usermod, ulimit 
- 
-=== 110.2 Setup host security (LCN-23 CTL-10) === 
-  * Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work 
-  * Turn off network services not in use 
-  * Understand the role of TCP wrappers 
-  * Terms: /etc/nologin, /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/xinetd.d/*, /etc/xinetd.conf, /etc/inetd.d/*, /etc/inetd.conf, /etc/inittab, /etc/init.d/*, /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny 
- 
-=== 110.3 Securing data with encryption (LCN-24 CTL-10) === 
-  * Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage 
-  * Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys 
-  * Perform basic GnuPG configuration and usage 
-  * Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels) 
-  * Terms: ssh, ssh-keygen, ssh-agent, ssh-add, ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub, ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub, ~/.ssh/authorized_keys, /etc/ssh_known_hosts, gpg, ~/.gnupg/* 
notes/lpic-1_notes.1780779909.txt.gz · Last modified: 2026/06/06 14:05 by 129.226.156.6

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