notes:lpic-1_notes
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notes:lpic-1_notes [2026/06/04 23:15] 47.79.10.25 old revision restored (2026/05/30 08:10) |
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| * Knowledge of basic features of LVM | * Knowledge of basic features of LVM | ||
| * Terms: / (root) filesystem, /var filesystem, /home filesystem, swap space, mount points, partitions | * Terms: / (root) filesystem, /var filesystem, /home filesystem, swap space, mount points, partitions | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Notes== | ||
| - | |||
| - | * choosing a disk layout for linux depends on amount of disk space, purpose of the system, size of the system and backup strategy. Some general guidelines are | ||
| - | * If diskspace is limited, just /boot, / and /swap | ||
| - | * /boot is a separate 50MB partition because older kernels/ | ||
| - | * For larger systems keep / smaller/ | ||
| - | * Can use separate partitions for /var (to isolate system logs), /tmp (to isolate tempfiles), /home (for backup and RAIDing of user's data) | ||
| - | * Using a separate partition for /usr allows it to be shared via read-only NFS which allows for saving space and easier maintenance of apps/ | ||
| - | * Superblock on filesystem contains critical metadata so multiple redundant copies are kept. | ||
| - | * Filesystems must be mounted (listed in filesystem table) before being accessible. /etc/fstab is a list of filesystems to mount on boot up. | ||
| - | * Master Boot Record on first 512 bytes of first sector of disk contains info on partitions and bootup. Can be backed up and restored with < | ||
| - | dd if=/dev/hda of=~/ | ||
| - | dd if=~/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | * To backup/ | ||
| - | sfdisk -d /dev/hda > partition_backup.txt | ||
| - | sfdisk /dev/hda < partition_backup.txt | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | * Linux may also be booted from Live USB which allows for persistent modifications. If the BIOS does nto support this, a bootable CD can be used first. | ||
| - | * Swap space allows main memory to be temporarily copied to disk. As a starting point set swap to twice the memory size (at least the same size). | ||
| === 102.2 Install a boot manager (LCN-5 CTL-5) === | === 102.2 Install a boot manager (LCN-5 CTL-5) === | ||
| Line 120: | Line 99: | ||
| * Interact with the boot loader | * Interact with the boot loader | ||
| * Terms: / | * Terms: / | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Notes== | ||
| - | |||
| - | * BIOS looks for and runs boot loader from first specified boot device. | ||
| - | * Boot loader find and loads specified kernel (with specified kernel options) which loads required modules and starts system processes. | ||
| - | * LILO is a 2-stage program | ||
| - | * First stage is in 512-byte MBR or in the boot sector of a partition (if it is a secondary boot loader). | ||
| - | * Second stage is in / | ||
| - | * Map file locating kernel is in /boot/map | ||
| - | * //lilo// command reads / | ||
| - | * GRUB is a multi-stage boot loader, more flexible than LILO. | ||
| - | * Changes take effect immediately. | ||
| - | * (hd0,1) -> 2nd partition on the 1st hard disk. Refers only to the order of the disks as seen by the BIOS so order may change if BIOS boot order is changed. | ||
| - | * // | ||
| - | * Grub command-line expects a specific order of commands to boot kernel < | ||
| - | grub> kernel / | ||
| - | grub> initrd / | ||
| - | grub> boot</ | ||
| === 102.3 Manage shared libraries (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | === 102.3 Manage shared libraries (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | ||
| Line 156: | Line 117: | ||
| * Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from | * Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from | ||
| * Terms: rpm, rpm2cpio, / | * Terms: rpm, rpm2cpio, / | ||
| + | |||
| ==== 103 GNU / Unix Commands 43% ==== | ==== 103 GNU / Unix Commands 43% ==== | ||
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