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notes:lpic-1_notes [2014/03/02 18:22] smthng [102 Installation and Package Management 18%] |
notes:lpic-1_notes [2014/03/03 01:49] (current) smthng [102 Installation and Package Management 18%] |
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| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| - | + | * BIOS looks for and runs boot loader from first specified boot device. | |
| - | * Bootloader (LInux LOader or GRUB passes | + | * Boot loader find and loads specified |
| - | * Can also interrupt | + | * LILO is a 2-stage program |
| - | * LILO uses / | + | * First stage is in 512-byte MBR or in the boot sector of a partition (if it is a secondary boot loader). |
| + | * Second stage is in /boot/boot.b . | ||
| + | * Map file locating kernel is in /boot/map | ||
| + | * //lilo// command reads / | ||
| + | * GRUB is a multi-stage boot loader, more flexible than LILO. | ||
| + | * Changes take effect immediately. | ||
| + | * (hd0,1) -> 2nd partition on the 1st hard disk. Refers only to the order of the disks as seen by the BIOS so order may change if BIOS boot order is changed. | ||
| + | * //grub-install// writes to MBR/boot sector. Uses/boot/grub/device.map to map BIOS drives to Linux devices e.g. " | ||
| + | * Grub command-line expects a specific order of commands to boot kernel < | ||
| + | grub> kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 ro root=/ | ||
| + | grub> initrd / | ||
| + | grub> boot</ | ||
| === 102.3 Manage shared libraries (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | === 102.3 Manage shared libraries (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | ||
| Line 133: | Line 143: | ||
| * Load shared libraries | * Load shared libraries | ||
| * Terms: ldd, ldconfig, / | * Terms: ldd, ldconfig, / | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Notes== | ||
| + | * Most programs on Linux use common system libraries. | ||
| + | * These can be statically linked into the program at compile-time - more disk, more memory, slower. | ||
| + | * Or can be dynamically loaded at runtime (shared libraries) - shared memory, smaller disksize, faster. | ||
| + | * //ldd// can be used to display required shared libraries for an executable | ||
| + | * Dynamically linked executables are examined at runtime by the shared object dynamic linker, //ld.so// | ||
| + | * // | ||
| + | * $LD_LIBRARY_PATH env variable can also be used | ||
| === 102.4 Use Debian package management (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | === 102.4 Use Debian package management (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | ||
| Line 139: | Line 158: | ||
| * Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, | * Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, | ||
| * Terms: / | * Terms: / | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Notes== | ||
| + | * .deb package names - pkgname_version-revision_arch.deb . version is typically major.minor.patchlevel e.g ncurses4_4.2.3-9_i386.deb | ||
| + | * //dpkg// operates directly on //.deb// packages | ||
| + | * uses / | ||
| + | * -i=install -r=remove --purge=purge | ||
| + | * -E=do not overwrite with same version or older | ||
| + | * -G=do not overwrite with older package version | ||
| + | * -l=list matching installed packages -L=list files from package | ||
| + | * -s=status of package -S=search for file in installed packages | ||
| + | * //apt-get// uses package names and sources and resolves dependencies | ||
| + | * -d=download only -s=simulate -y=assume yes | ||
| + | * install, remove, update (sources), upgrade (all packages), dist-upgrade (to new OS version) | ||
| + | * uses / | ||
| + | * //dselect// is a menu-based interface to //dpkg// | ||
| + | * //alien// converts other package types to .deb packages (or to rpm with -r) e.g. Slackware/ | ||
| === 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | === 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management (LCN-5 CTL-2) === | ||
